Last Christmas Eve, NewsBreak, opens new tab, a free app with roots in China that is the most downloaded news app in the United States, published an alarming piece about a small town shooting. It was headlined “Christmas Day Tragedy Strikes Bridgeton, New Jersey Amid Rising Gun Violence in Small Towns.”
The problem was, no such shooting took place. The Bridgeton, New Jersey police department posted a statement on Facebook on December 27 dismissing the article – produced using AI technology – as “entirely false”.
“Nothing even similar to this story occurred on or around Christmas, or even in recent memory for the area they described,” the post said. “It seems this ‘news’ outlet’s AI writes fiction they have no problem publishing to readers.”
NewsBreak, which is headquartered in Mountain View, California and has offices in Beijing and Shanghai, told Reuters it removed the article on December 28, four days after publication.
The company said “the inaccurate information originated from the content source,” and provided a link to the website, opens new tab, adding: “When NewsBreak identifies any inaccurate content or any violation of our community standards, we take prompt action to remove that content.”
The operators of the website, findplace.xyz, did not respond to a request from Reuters for comment. The police declined to provide further comment.
As local news outlets across America have shuttered in recent years, NewsBreak has filled the void.
Billing itself as “the go-to source for all things local,” Newsbreak says it has over 50 million monthly users. It publishes licensed content from major media outlets, including Reuters, Fox, AP and CNN as well as some information obtained by scraping the internet for local news or press releases which it rewrites with the help of AI. It is only available in the U.S.
But in at least 40 instances since 2021, the app’s use of AI tools affected the communities it strives to serve, with Newsbreak publishing erroneous stories; creating 10 stories from local news sites under fictitious bylines; and lifting content from its competitors, according to a Reuters review of previously unreported court documents related to copyright infringement, cease-and-desist emails and a 2022 company memo registering concerns about “AI-generated stories.”
Reuters spoke to seven former NewsBreak employees, including five who said most of the engineering work behind the app’s algorithm is carried out in its China-based offices. The former employees requested anonymity, citing confidentiality agreements with NewsBreak.
Two local community programmes assisting disadvantaged people told Reuters they were impacted by erroneous stories produced by NewsBreak’s AI.
On three occasions in January, February and March, Food to Power, a Colorado-based food bank, opens new tab said it had to turn people away because NewsBreak stated incorrect times of food distributions. The charity complained to NewsBreak in a January 30 email to NewsBreak’s general customer support email address, which Reuters has reviewed. The charity said it received no response.
Harvest912, a charity in Erie, Pennsylvania, opens new tab emailed NewsBreak about two inaccurate, AI-based news stories which said it was holding a 24-hour foot-care clinic for homeless people, asking the outlet to “cease and desist” erroneous coverage.
“You are doing HARM by publishing this misinformation – homeless people will walk to these venues to attend a clinic that is not happening,” Harvest912 told NewsBreak, in a January 12 email seen by Reuters.
In response to Reuters’ questions, NewsBreak said it removed all five articles about the charities after learning they were erroneous and that the articles were based on incorrect information on some of the charities’ web pages.
Without providing a reason to Reuters, NewsBreak added a disclaimer to its homepage in early March, warning that its content “may not always be error-free”.
Newsbreak generates revenue by showing ads to its users, who are predominantly female, above the age of 45, without college degrees, and live in suburban or rural parts of the U.S., according to the seven former employees and a 2021 company presentation reviewed by Reuters.
The company launched in the U.S. in 2015 as a subsidiary of Yidian, opens new tab, a Chinese news aggregation app. Both companies were founded by Jeff Zheng, the CEO of Newsbreak, and the companies share a U.S. patent, opens new tab registered in 2015 for an “Interest Engine” algorithm, which recommends news content based on a user’s interests and location.
NewsBreak told Reuters that the patent was assigned by Zheng to both companies because “some of the concepts were developed from Jeff’s time at Yidian” and that NewsBreak is “U.S.-based” and “U.S.-invested”. The shared patent has “absolutely no bearing on the company and its operations”, NewsBreak said in written responses to Reuters, describing the technology referenced in the patent as “outdated”.
COMPANY MEMO
A May 2022 company memo from a NewsBreak consultant to Zheng, reviewed by Reuters, raised concerns about NewsBreak’s use of AI tools to re-publish stories from local news sites under five fictitious bylines.
“I cannot think of a faster way to destroy the NewsBreak brand,” Norm Pearlstine, former Executive Editor at the Wall Street Journal and the Los Angeles Times who was working at the time as a consultant to NewsBreak, wrote in the memo to Zheng.
In an interview after NewsBreak gave him permission to speak with Reuters, Pearlstine said he learned of the practice from a NewsBreak colleague.
“I question the legality of creating fake accounts using content publishers put behind their paywalls. If I had learned about the practice while at the LA Times, I would have instructed our lawyer to seek a restraining order and sue for damages,” wrote Pearlstine, whose six-month consulting role at NewsBreak in 2022 consisted of advising the company about U.S. editorial businesses.
Pearlstine, who confirmed the memo was authentic, attributed the lapse to a lack of journalistic experience. “A fair number of people on the staff were either new to journalism or new to the U.S. market. That was part of the reason I felt I had to be very direct and very explicit in explaining why I thought this was important,” he told Reuters.
NewsBreak said the news stories referenced in Pearlstine’s memo were a “limited experiment in three U.S. counties” to aggregate third-party content, and that the effort was disbanded after producing ten articles. The company denied going behind paywalls and said it used “snippets” of articles that were publicly visible to produce complete news stories using OpenAI.
NewsBreak also pointed Reuters towards Zheng’s emailed response to Pearlstine, saying he recognized the problem and asked his team to fix it.
OpenAI told Reuters its policies prohibited using its technology to mislead people.
In 2022, Patch Media, which operates digital local news feeds in every U.S. state, reached a $1.75 million settlement in a lawsuit, opens new tab against NewsBreak for copyright infringement, according to court documents reviewed by Reuters, which alleged that NewsBreak republished Patch’s news stories without permission or credit.
Patch did not respond to a request for comment. NewsBreak said the settlement was not an admission of wrongdoing.
Emmerich Newspapers, which operates newspapers in Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana, reached a 2021 settlement with NewsBreak in a lawsuit alleging copyright infringement related to NewsBreak’s use of Emmerich’s content without permission. NewsBreak said the settlement was “amicable.”
Another copyright lawsuit is ongoing. The two parties are “embroiled in additional lawsuits which we are vigorously defending against,” NewsBreak said.
Wyatt Emmerich, the company’s president, said the lawsuit against NewsBreak involved “verbatim copying of content”. He added: “What worries me in the future is that news aggregators could use artificial intelligence to slightly rewrite our stories which would make proving copyright infringement much more difficult. I have witnessed instances of this happening already on news aggregation sites.”