Bird flu response in Michigan sparks COVID-era worry on farms

Warning signs are placed at an entry to egg producer Herbruck’s farm in Ionia County, Michigan, U.S., June 6, 2024. REUTERS/Tom Polansek Purchase Licensing Rights

Some dairy farmers are resisting Michigan’s nation-leading efforts to stop the spread of bird flu for fear their incomes will suffer from added costs and hurt rural America.
The government’s restrictions, which include tracking who comes and goes from farms, are rekindling unwanted memories of COVID-19 in Martin and other small towns in central Michigan.
The state has two of the four known cases in humans, all dairy workers, since federal authorities confirmed the world’s first case in U.S. cattle in late March. The state has tested more people than any of the 12 states with confirmed cases in cows, according to a Reuters survey of state health departments. Testing policies vary by state.

Public health experts fear the disease has the potential to turn into another pandemic just a few years after COVID-19. As those worries mount, the acceptance and success or failure of Michigan’s proactive response is being watched by other states looking for a roadmap that goes beyond federal containment recommendations.
More than a dozen interviews with Michigan producers, state health officials, researchers and industry groups, along with preliminary data, so far show limited dairy farmer participation in efforts to stem and study the virus. In some cases, calls from local health officials go unanswered, money for dairy farm research is left unclaimed, and workers still milk cows without extra protective gear.

Brian DeMann, a dairy farmer from Martin, Michigan, said the outbreak and state’s response recalls COVID-19. The 37-year-old believes Michigan’s rules to contain bird flu would be more widely accepted if they came as recommendations rather than requirements for farmers.

“Nobody knows if these things that we’re being told to do are going to stop it,” said DeMann, who echoed an uncertain view shared by other farmers. “Just like 2020, people didn’t like to be told what to do.”

This spring many U.S. dairy owners did not heed federal recommendations to offer more protective equipment to employees, according to farmers and workers. DeMann said he did not invest in new protective gear, such as masks, for his workers because it is unclear how the virus is spreading.

NO EXTRA GEAR

About 900 permitted dairy farms dot Michigan’s countryside, with cows in open-air barns and piles of feed covered with protective tarps and old tires used as weights.

Tim Boring, Michigan’s agriculture director, said social stigma and economic concerns around infections have discouraged farmers from testing cows for bird flu in the nation’s sixth biggest milk producer.

“There’s a lot of factors that go into the concerns about farms coming forward with positive operations,” he said. “We know this has been a challenge in Michigan.”

The state last reported an infected dairy herd on July 9, its 26th to test positive. Five other states have also confirmed cases in the past month, and about 140 herds have been infected nationally since March, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data.

Michigan is offering farms up to $28,000 to entice those with infected herds to participate in research. More than a dozen farms have so far expressed interest, the state said.

Separately, the federal government is offering financial assistance. Twelve of 21 herds enrolled in financial support from USDA are from Michigan, according to the agency.

To boost testing, USDA launched a voluntary program in which U.S. farmers can test tanks of milk weekly for bird flu. Six farmers in six states have enrolled one herd each, but a Michigan farmer is not among them yet.

“I really would like to see that in every single herd,” said Zelmar Rodriguez, a Michigan State University dairy veterinarian studying infections.

‘NEW THREAT’

Michigan’s agriculture department said it has up to 200 people responding to bird flu cases in poultry and cattle, including coordinating with USDA on outbreak investigations. Veterinarians in other states said they tracked Michigan’s cases to assess the risks for transmission.

“Michigan is doing a good job with their diagnostics and trying to identify where the disease is,” said Mike Martin, North Carolina’s state veterinarian.

Michigan’s outbreak in cows began after an infected Texas farm shipped cattle to Michigan in March before the virus was detected, according to USDA. Weeks later, a Michigan poultry farm also reported symptoms and tested positive. Whole genome sequencing suggested the virus spilled over from the dairy farm to the poultry flock.

USDA now thinks the virus has spread indirectly through people and vehicles moving on and off infected farms.

Chickens owned by Michigan’s largest egg producer, Herbruck’s Poultry Ranch, were infected because the virus spread from cattle, said Nancy Barr, executive director of Michigan Allied Poultry Industries, an industry group. Reuters is first to report the link to Herbruck’s from dairy cow transmission.

“It’s a new threat to us,” Barr said.

Herbruck’s told the state in May it was laying off about 400 workers after bird flu decimated flocks in Ionia County. The company said in a public notice it planned to rehire employees as it rebuilds its flocks, a process that can take six months.

As of late June, Ionia County poultry farmers received $73.2 million in indemnity payments from the U.S. government for bird-flu losses, the most of any county in the country that had to cull infected flocks since February 2022, according to data Reuters obtained from the USDA.

Source: https://www.reuters.com/world/us/bird-flu-response-michigan-sparks-covid-era-worry-farms-2024-07-10/