A new observational study identified eight lifestyle habits that—when adopted by midlife—may extend an individual’s lifespan.
The researchers used data from medical records and questionnaires from 719,147 enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program MVP, a health research program centering around more than a million United States veterans that is designed to help researchers study how genes, lifestyles, military experiences, and exposures impact health and wellness.
Xuan-Mai T. Nguyen, a health science specialist at the Department of Veterans Affairs and fourth-year medical student at Carle Illinois College of Medicine in Illinois, presented the study Monday at Nutrition 2023, the flagship annual meeting of the American Society for Nutrition in Boston, Massachusetts.
The eight identified habits are:
- being physically active
- not smoking
- managing stress
- maintaining a good diet
- not regularly drinking alcohol excessively
- maintaining good sleep hygiene
- maintaining positive social relationships
- not developing an opioid addiction
The data used for this study was collected between 2011 and 2019. It featured U.S. veterans between the ages of 40 and 99. Over 30,000 participants died during the follow-up.
“We looked at all-cause mortality in this study using cox proportional hazard regression models and longevity using a multi-lifetable method, calculating the longevity for male veterans and female veterans separately,” Nguyen explained.
Veterans who adopted all eight habits had a 13% reduction in death from any cause compared to those who adopted none of the eight habits.
The study found that men who have adopted all eight habits at the age of 40 would be predicted to live 24 years longer, on average, than men who adopted none of these habits. Women who have adopted all eight habits by age 40 would live 23 years longer on average compared to those who adopted none.
“Take home message: Veterans who commit to a moderate change toward living a healthier lifestyle during middle-age may prolong their life expectancy,” Nguyen stressed to Medical News Today.
The researchers found that low physical activity, opioid use, and smoking had the biggest impact on an individual’s lifespan. During the study period, these habits were associated with a 30% to 45% higher risk of death.
Stress, drinking alcohol excessively, poor diet, and poor sleep hygiene were associated with around a 20-30% increase in the risk of death during the study period. In comparison, the lack of positive social relationships was associated with a 5% increased risk of death.
Mental health likely plays a role in life expectancy.
“We never previously quantified how living with anxiety or depression was associated with mortality. Through this study, we learned that it was associated with 8% of premature death. This study and our findings have made us rethink how we can direct future research to incorporate psychosocial factors more meaningfully,” Nguyen said.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Trusted Source chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States.
“Non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with over 80% of all healthcare dollars…,” Nguyen told MNT.
“Living with a chronic disease is costly and a burden to individuals and to society. Studies have found that approximately 90% of diabetes, 80% of coronary heart disease, and 70% of cardiovascular mortality can be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle habits,” she said.
Lifestyle medicine is a specialty that focuses on preventing chronic diseases.
“It provides a potential avenue for altering the course of ever-increasing [healthcare] costs resulting from prescription medicine and surgical procedures,” Dr. Nguyen said of lifestyle medicine. “We chose to explore lifestyle factors among veterans participating in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) because it is a unique opportunity to better understand and care for a specific population of people who have devoted themselves to service.”
Dr. Yanping Li, a research scientist in the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a co-author of the study, previously served as a co-author of a 2018 studyTrusted Source that found maintaining five healthy habits as adults — eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, keeping a healthy body weight, not drinking too much alcohol, and not smoking—may add more than a decade to life.
The researchers were able to add three new healthy habits to this study because the information the MVP gathers is so comprehensive. “Based on the data availability, we extended the previous five lifestyle factors into eight,” Dr. Li said.
There are benefits to be had even if patients can’t adopt all eight healthy habits.
“We were really surprised by just how much could be gained with the adoption of one… two… three.. or all eight lifestyle factors!” Nguyen said.
Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of preventive medicine and infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee, took particular note of that element of the study.
“It was impressive in the sense that, even if you start, and you don’t do them all…it still is beneficial,” he told MNT.
While the research suggests that adopting healthy habits at older ages likely results in smaller estimated gains in life expectancy, it’s still probably fruitful.
“Our research findings suggest that adopting a healthy lifestyle is important for both public health and personal wellness,” Nguyen said. “The earlier the better, but even if you make changes in your 40s or 60s, it still is beneficial as seen in our study findings!”
Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/why-are-superagers-resistant-to-age-related-memory-decline