Leadership is a critical component in every aspect of human activity, from business and education to government and healthcare. We often assume that those who aspire to leadership positions are the most qualified for the job. However, a new study challenges this assumption, revealing a striking disconnect between ambition and actual leadership effectiveness.
The study, conducted by researchers Shilaan Alzahawi, Emily S. Reit, and Francis J. Flynn from Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business, explores the relationship between ambition and leadership evaluations. Their findings suggest that while ambitious individuals are more likely to pursue and obtain leadership roles, they may not necessarily be more effective leaders than their less ambitious counterparts.
At the heart of this research is the concept of ambition, defined as a persistent striving for success, attainment, and accomplishment. Ambitious individuals are typically drawn to leadership positions, motivated by the promise of power, status, and financial rewards. However, the study, published in PNAS Nexus, raises an important question: Does this ambition translate into better leadership skills?
To investigate this question, the researchers conducted a large-scale study involving 472 executives enrolled in a leadership development program. These executives were evaluated on 10 leadership competencies by their peers, subordinates, managers, and themselves. In total, the study analyzed 3,830 ratings, providing a comprehensive view of each leader’s effectiveness from multiple perspectives.
Perhaps the most thought-provoking finding of the study is the significant discrepancy between how ambitious leaders view themselves and how others perceive them. Highly ambitious individuals consistently rated themselves as more effective leaders across various competencies. However, this positive self-assessment was not corroborated by the evaluations from their peers, subordinates, or managers.
For instance, ambitious leaders believed they were better at motivating others, managing collaborative work, and coaching and developing people. They also thought they had a stronger growth orientation and were more accountable for results. Yet, their colleagues and subordinates did not observe these superior abilities in practice.
This disconnect between self-perception and reality has significant implications for how we select and develop leaders. Many organizations rely on self-selection processes, where individuals actively choose to be considered for leadership roles. The assumption is that those who step forward are the most capable candidates. However, this study suggests that such an approach may be flawed, potentially promoting individuals based on their ambition rather than their actual leadership skills.
The researchers propose that ambitious individuals may be drawn to leadership roles for reasons unrelated to their aptitude. The allure of higher salaries, greater authority, and increased social status may drive them to pursue these positions, regardless of their actual leadership capabilities. To justify this pursuit, ambitious individuals may unconsciously inflate their self-perceptions of leadership effectiveness.
This phenomenon aligns with psychological concepts such as motivated reasoning and cognitive dissonance. Essentially, people tend to interpret information in a way that confirms their existing beliefs or desires. In this case, ambitious individuals may convince themselves of their superior leadership skills to justify their pursuit of higher positions.
Organizations and individuals may need to rethink their approach to leadership selection and development. Rather than relying solely on self-selection and ambitious individuals dominating candidate pools, companies might benefit from actively identifying and encouraging individuals who possess leadership potential but may lack the confidence or ambition to pursue such roles.
Moreover, the research highlights the importance of gathering diverse perspectives when evaluating leadership effectiveness. Relying solely on self-assessments or the opinions of a single group (e.g., only peers or only subordinates) may provide an incomplete or biased picture of a leader’s true capabilities.
This study urges us to look beyond ambition when selecting and developing leaders. By focusing on actual leadership skills rather than mere drive for power, we can cultivate leaders who are truly capable of guiding us through the challenges of the 21st century.
Source: https://studyfinds.org/the-ambitious-leaders-dilemma/?nab=0